--- /dev/null +++ b/.htaccess @@ -1 +1,541 @@ +# Apache configuration file +# httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/mod/quickreference.html + +# Note .htaccess files are an overhead, this logic should be in your Apache +# config if possible: httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/howto/htaccess.html + +# Techniques in here adapted from all over, including: +# Kroc Camen: camendesign.com/.htaccess +# perishablepress.com/press/2006/01/10/stupid-htaccess-tricks/ +# Sample .htaccess file of CMS MODx: modxcms.com + + +# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- +# Better website experience for IE users +# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- + +# Force the latest IE version, in various cases when it may fall back to IE7 mode +# github.com/rails/rails/commit/123eb25#commitcomment-118920 +# Use ChromeFrame if it's installed for a better experience for the poor IE folk + + + Header set X-UA-Compatible "IE=Edge,chrome=1" + # mod_headers can't match by content-type, but we don't want to send this header on *everything*... + + Header unset X-UA-Compatible + + + + +# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- +# Cross-domain AJAX requests +# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- + +# Serve cross-domain Ajax requests, disabled by default. +# enable-cors.org +# code.google.com/p/html5security/wiki/CrossOriginRequestSecurity + +# +# Header set Access-Control-Allow-Origin "*" +# + + +# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- +# CORS-enabled images (@crossorigin) +# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- + +# Send CORS headers if browsers request them; enabled by default for images. +# developer.mozilla.org/en/CORS_Enabled_Image +# blog.chromium.org/2011/07/using-cross-domain-images-in-webgl-and.html +# hacks.mozilla.org/2011/11/using-cors-to-load-webgl-textures-from-cross-domain-images/ +# wiki.mozilla.org/Security/Reviews/crossoriginAttribute + + + + # mod_headers, y u no match by Content-Type?! + + SetEnvIf Origin ":" IS_CORS + Header set Access-Control-Allow-Origin "*" env=IS_CORS + + + + + +# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- +# Webfont access +# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- + +# Allow access from all domains for webfonts. +# Alternatively you could only whitelist your +# subdomains like "subdomain.example.com". + + + + Header set Access-Control-Allow-Origin "*" + + + + +# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- +# Proper MIME type for all files +# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- + +# JavaScript +# Normalize to standard type (it's sniffed in IE anyways) +# tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4329#section-7.2 +AddType application/javascript js jsonp +AddType application/json json + +# Audio +AddType audio/ogg oga ogg +AddType audio/mp4 m4a f4a f4b + +# Video +AddType video/ogg ogv +AddType video/mp4 mp4 m4v f4v f4p +AddType video/webm webm +AddType video/x-flv flv + +# SVG +# Required for svg webfonts on iPad +# twitter.com/FontSquirrel/status/14855840545 +AddType image/svg+xml svg svgz +AddEncoding gzip svgz + +# Webfonts +AddType application/vnd.ms-fontobject eot +AddType application/x-font-ttf ttf ttc +AddType font/opentype otf +AddType application/x-font-woff woff + +# Assorted types +AddType image/x-icon ico +AddType image/webp webp +AddType text/cache-manifest appcache manifest +AddType text/x-component htc +AddType application/xml rss atom xml rdf +AddType application/x-chrome-extension crx +AddType application/x-opera-extension oex +AddType application/x-xpinstall xpi +AddType application/octet-stream safariextz +AddType application/x-web-app-manifest+json webapp +AddType text/x-vcard vcf +AddType application/x-shockwave-flash swf +AddType text/vtt vtt + + +# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- +# Allow concatenation from within specific js and css files +# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- + +# e.g. Inside of script.combined.js you could have +# +# +# and they would be included into this single file. + +# This is not in use in the boilerplate as it stands. You may +# choose to use this technique if you do not have a build process. + +# +# Options +Includes +# AddOutputFilterByType INCLUDES application/javascript application/json +# SetOutputFilter INCLUDES +# + +# +# Options +Includes +# AddOutputFilterByType INCLUDES text/css +# SetOutputFilter INCLUDES +# + + +# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- +# Gzip compression +# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- + + + + # Force deflate for mangled headers developer.yahoo.com/blogs/ydn/posts/2010/12/pushing-beyond-gzipping/ + + + SetEnvIfNoCase ^(Accept-EncodXng|X-cept-Encoding|X{15}|~{15}|-{15})$ ^((gzip|deflate)\s*,?\s*)+|[X~-]{4,13}$ HAVE_Accept-Encoding + RequestHeader append Accept-Encoding "gzip,deflate" env=HAVE_Accept-Encoding + + + + # Compress all output labeled with one of the following MIME-types + + AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE application/atom+xml \ + application/javascript \ + application/json \ + application/rss+xml \ + application/vnd.ms-fontobject \ + application/x-font-ttf \ + application/xhtml+xml \ + application/xml \ + font/opentype \ + image/svg+xml \ + image/x-icon \ + text/css \ + text/html \ + text/plain \ + text/x-component \ + text/xml + + + + + +# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- +# Expires headers (for better cache control) +# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- + +# These are pretty far-future expires headers. +# They assume you control versioning with filename-based cache busting +# Additionally, consider that outdated proxies may miscache +# www.stevesouders.com/blog/2008/08/23/revving-filenames-dont-use-querystring/ + +# If you don't use filenames to version, lower the CSS and JS to something like +# "access plus 1 week". + + + ExpiresActive on + +# Perhaps better to whitelist expires rules? Perhaps. + ExpiresDefault "access plus 1 month" + +# cache.appcache needs re-requests in FF 3.6 (thanks Remy ~Introducing HTML5) + ExpiresByType text/cache-manifest "access plus 0 seconds" + +# Your document html + ExpiresByType text/html "access plus 0 seconds" + +# Data + ExpiresByType text/xml "access plus 0 seconds" + ExpiresByType application/xml "access plus 0 seconds" + ExpiresByType application/json "access plus 0 seconds" + +# Feed + ExpiresByType application/rss+xml "access plus 1 hour" + ExpiresByType application/atom+xml "access plus 1 hour" + +# Favicon (cannot be renamed) + ExpiresByType image/x-icon "access plus 1 week" + +# Media: images, video, audio + ExpiresByType image/gif "access plus 1 month" + ExpiresByType image/png "access plus 1 month" + ExpiresByType image/jpeg "access plus 1 month" + ExpiresByType video/ogg "access plus 1 month" + ExpiresByType audio/ogg "access plus 1 month" + ExpiresByType video/mp4 "access plus 1 month" + ExpiresByType video/webm "access plus 1 month" + +# HTC files (css3pie) + ExpiresByType text/x-component "access plus 1 month" + +# Webfonts + ExpiresByType application/x-font-ttf "access plus 1 month" + ExpiresByType font/opentype "access plus 1 month" + ExpiresByType application/x-font-woff "access plus 1 month" + ExpiresByType image/svg+xml "access plus 1 month" + ExpiresByType application/vnd.ms-fontobject "access plus 1 month" + +# CSS and JavaScript + ExpiresByType text/css "access plus 1 year" + ExpiresByType application/javascript "access plus 1 year" + + + + +# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- +# Prevent mobile network providers from modifying your site +# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- + +# The following header prevents modification of your code over 3G on some +# European providers. +# This is the official 'bypass' suggested by O2 in the UK. + +# +# Header set Cache-Control "no-transform" +# + + +# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- +# ETag removal +# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- + +# FileETag None is not enough for every server. + + Header unset ETag + + +# Since we're sending far-future expires, we don't need ETags for +# static content. +# developer.yahoo.com/performance/rules.html#etags +FileETag None + + +# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- +# Stop screen flicker in IE on CSS rollovers +# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- + +# The following directives stop screen flicker in IE on CSS rollovers - in +# combination with the "ExpiresByType" rules for images (see above). + +# BrowserMatch "MSIE" brokenvary=1 +# BrowserMatch "Mozilla/4.[0-9]{2}" brokenvary=1 +# BrowserMatch "Opera" !brokenvary +# SetEnvIf brokenvary 1 force-no-vary + + +# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- +# Set Keep-Alive Header +# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- + +# Keep-Alive allows the server to send multiple requests through one +# TCP-connection. Be aware of possible disadvantages of this setting. Turn on +# if you serve a lot of static content. + +# +# Header set Connection Keep-Alive +# + + +# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- +# Cookie setting from iframes +# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- + +# Allow cookies to be set from iframes (for IE only) +# If needed, specify a path or regex in the Location directive. + +# +# Header set P3P "policyref=\"/w3c/p3p.xml\", CP=\"IDC DSP COR ADM DEVi TAIi PSA PSD IVAi IVDi CONi HIS OUR IND CNT\"" +# + + +# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- +# Start rewrite engine +# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- + +# Turning on the rewrite engine is necessary for the following rules and +# features. FollowSymLinks must be enabled for this to work. + +# Some cloud hosting services require RewriteBase to be set: goo.gl/HOcPN +# If using the h5bp in a subdirectory, use `RewriteBase /foo` instead where +# 'foo' is your directory. + +# If your web host doesn't allow the FollowSymlinks option, you may need to +# comment it out and use `Options +SymLinksOfOwnerMatch`, but be aware of the +# performance impact: http://goo.gl/Mluzd + + + Options +FollowSymlinks +# Options +SymLinksIfOwnerMatch + RewriteEngine On +# RewriteBase / + + + +# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- +# Suppress or force the "www." at the beginning of URLs +# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- + +# The same content should never be available under two different URLs - +# especially not with and without "www." at the beginning, since this can cause +# SEO problems (duplicate content). That's why you should choose one of the +# alternatives and redirect the other one. + +# By default option 1 (no "www.") is activated. +# no-www.org/faq.php?q=class_b + +# If you'd prefer to use option 2, just comment out all option 1 lines +# and uncomment option 2. + +# IMPORTANT: NEVER USE BOTH RULES AT THE SAME TIME! + +# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- + +# Option 1: +# Rewrite "www.example.com -> example.com". + + + RewriteCond %{HTTPS} !=on + RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^www\.(.+)$ [NC] + RewriteRule ^ http://%1%{REQUEST_URI} [R=301,L] + + +# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- + +# Option 2: +# Rewrite "example.com -> www.example.com". +# Be aware that the following rule might not be a good idea if you use "real" +# subdomains for certain parts of your website. + +# +# RewriteCond %{HTTPS} !=on +# RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} !^www\..+$ [NC] +# RewriteRule ^ http://www.%{HTTP_HOST}%{REQUEST_URI} [R=301,L] +# + + +# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- +# Built-in filename-based cache busting +# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- + +# If you're not using the build script to manage your filename version revving, +# you might want to consider enabling this, which will route requests for +# /css/style.20110203.css to /css/style.css + +# To understand why this is important and a better idea than all.css?v1231, +# read: github.com/h5bp/html5-boilerplate/wiki/cachebusting + +# +# RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f +# RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d +# RewriteRule ^(.+)\.(\d+)\.(js|css|png|jpg|gif)$ $1.$3 [L] +# + + +# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- +# Prevent SSL cert warnings +# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- + +# Rewrite secure requests properly to prevent SSL cert warnings, e.g. prevent +# https://www.example.com when your cert only allows https://secure.example.com + +# +# RewriteCond %{SERVER_PORT} !^443 +# RewriteRule ^ https://example-domain-please-change-me.com%{REQUEST_URI} [R=301,L] +# + + +# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- +# Prevent 404 errors for non-existing redirected folders +# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- + +# without -MultiViews, Apache will give a 404 for a rewrite if a folder of the +# same name does not exist. +# webmasterworld.com/apache/3808792.htm + +Options -MultiViews + + +# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- +# Custom 404 page +# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- + +# You can add custom pages to handle 500 or 403 pretty easily, if you like. +# If you are hosting your site in subdirectory, adjust this accordingly +# e.g. ErrorDocument 404 /subdir/404.html +ErrorDocument 404 /404.html + + +# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- +# UTF-8 encoding +# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- + +# Use UTF-8 encoding for anything served text/plain or text/html +AddDefaultCharset utf-8 + +# Force UTF-8 for a number of file formats +AddCharset utf-8 .atom .css .js .json .rss .vtt .xml + + +# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- +# A little more security +# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- + +# To avoid displaying the exact version number of Apache being used, add the +# following to httpd.conf (it will not work in .htaccess): +# ServerTokens Prod + +# "-Indexes" will have Apache block users from browsing folders without a +# default document Usually you should leave this activated, because you +# shouldn't allow everybody to surf through every folder on your server (which +# includes rather private places like CMS system folders). + + Options -Indexes + + +# Block access to "hidden" directories or files whose names begin with a +# period. This includes directories used by version control systems such as +# Subversion or Git. + + RewriteCond %{SCRIPT_FILENAME} -d [OR] + RewriteCond %{SCRIPT_FILENAME} -f + RewriteRule "(^|/)\." - [F] + + +# Block access to backup and source files. These files may be left by some +# text/html editors and pose a great security danger, when anyone can access +# them. + + Order allow,deny + Deny from all + Satisfy All + + +# If your server is not already configured as such, the following directive +# should be uncommented in order to set PHP's register_globals option to OFF. +# This closes a major security hole that is abused by most XSS (cross-site +# scripting) attacks. For more information: http://php.net/register_globals +# +# IF REGISTER_GLOBALS DIRECTIVE CAUSES 500 INTERNAL SERVER ERRORS: +# +# Your server does not allow PHP directives to be set via .htaccess. In that +# case you must make this change in your php.ini file instead. If you are +# using a commercial web host, contact the administrators for assistance in +# doing this. Not all servers allow local php.ini files, and they should +# include all PHP configurations (not just this one), or you will effectively +# reset everything to PHP defaults. Consult www.php.net for more detailed +# information about setting PHP directives. + +# php_flag register_globals Off + +# Rename session cookie to something else, than PHPSESSID +# php_value session.name sid + +# Disable magic quotes (This feature has been DEPRECATED as of PHP 5.3.0 and REMOVED as of PHP 5.4.0.) +# php_flag magic_quotes_gpc Off + +# Do not show you are using PHP +# Note: Move this line to php.ini since it won't work in .htaccess +# php_flag expose_php Off + +# Level of log detail - log all errors +# php_value error_reporting -1 + +# Write errors to log file +# php_flag log_errors On + +# Do not display errors in browser (production - Off, development - On) +# php_flag display_errors Off + +# Do not display startup errors (production - Off, development - On) +# php_flag display_startup_errors Off + +# Format errors in plain text +# Note: Leave this setting 'On' for xdebug's var_dump() output +# php_flag html_errors Off + +# Show multiple occurrence of error +# php_flag ignore_repeated_errors Off + +# Show same errors from different sources +# php_flag ignore_repeated_source Off + +# Size limit for error messages +# php_value log_errors_max_len 1024 + +# Don't precede error with string (doesn't accept empty string, use whitespace if you need) +# php_value error_prepend_string " " + +# Don't prepend to error (doesn't accept empty string, use whitespace if you need) +# php_value error_append_string " " + +# Increase cookie security + + php_value session.cookie_httponly true + --- /dev/null +++ b/404.html @@ -1 +1,158 @@ + + + + + Page Not Found :( + + + +
+

Not found :(

+

Sorry, but the page you were trying to view does not exist.

+

It looks like this was the result of either:

+ + + +
+ + --- /dev/null +++ b/CHANGELOG.md @@ -1 +1,88 @@ +### HEAD + +### 4.0.0 (28 August, 2012) + +* Improve the Apache compression configuration ([#1012](https://github.com/h5bp/html5-boilerplate/issues/1012), [#1173](https://github.com/h5bp/html5-boilerplate/issues/1173)). +* Add a HiDPI example media query ([#1127](https://github.com/h5bp/html5-boilerplate/issues/1127)). +* Add bundled docs ([#1154](https://github.com/h5bp/html5-boilerplate/issues/1154)). +* Add MIT license ([#1139](https://github.com/h5bp/html5-boilerplate/issues/1139)). +* Update to Normalize.css 1.0.1. +* Separate Normalize.css from the rest of the CSS ([#1160](https://github.com/h5bp/html5-boilerplate/issues/1160)). +* Improve `console.log` protection ([#1107](https://github.com/h5bp/html5-boilerplate/issues/1107)). +* Replace hot pink text selection color with a neutral color. +* Change image replacement technique ([#1149](https://github.com/h5bp/html5-boilerplate/issues/1149)). +* Code format and consistency changes ([#1112](https://github.com/h5bp/html5-boilerplate/issues/1112)). +* Rename CSS file and rename JS files and subdirectories. +* Update to jQuery 1.8 ([#1161](https://github.com/h5bp/html5-boilerplate/issues/1161)). +* Update to Modernizr 2.6.1 ([#1086](https://github.com/h5bp/html5-boilerplate/issues/1086)). +* Remove uncompressed jQuery ([#1153](https://github.com/h5bp/html5-boilerplate/issues/1153)). +* Remove superfluous inline comments ([#1150](https://github.com/h5bp/html5-boilerplate/issues/1150)). + +### 3.0.2 (February 19, 2012) + +* Update to Modernizr 2.5.3. + +### 3.0.1 (February 08, 2012). + +* Update to Modernizr 2.5.2 (includes html5shiv 3.3). + +### 3.0.0 (February 06, 2012) + +* Improvements to `.htaccess`. +* Improve 404 design. +* Simplify JS folder structure. +* Change `html` IE class names changed to target ranges rather than specific versions of IE. +* Update CSS to include latest normalize.css changes and better typographic defaults ([#825](https://github.com/h5bp/html5-boilerplate/issues/825)). +* Update to Modernizr 2.5 (includes yepnope 1.5 and html5shiv 3.2). +* Update to jQuery 1.7.1. +* Revert to async snippet for the Google Analytics script. +* Remove the ant build script ([#826](https://github.com/h5bp/html5-boilerplate/issues/826)). +* Remove Respond.js ([#816](https://github.com/h5bp/html5-boilerplate/issues/816)). +* Remove the `demo/` directory ([#808](https://github.com/h5bp/html5-boilerplate/issues/808)). +* Remove the `test/` directory ([#808](https://github.com/h5bp/html5-boilerplate/issues/808)). +* Remove Google Chrome Frame script for IE6 users; replace with links to Chrome Frame and options for alternative browsers. +* Remove `initial-scale=1` from the viewport `meta` ([#824](https://github.com/h5bp/html5-boilerplate/issues/824)). +* Remove `defer` from all scripts to avoid legacy IE bugs. +* Remove explicit Site Speed tracking for Google Analytics. It's now enabled by default. + +### 2.0.0 (August 10, 2011) + +* Change starting CSS to be based on normalize.css instead of reset.css ([#500](https://github.com/h5bp/html5-boilerplate/issues/500)). +* Add Respond.js media query polyfill. +* Add Google Chrome Frame script prompt for IE6 users. +* Simplify the `html` conditional comments for modern browsers and add an `oldie` class. +* Update clearfix to use "micro clearfix". +* Add placeholder CSS MQs for mobile-first approach. +* Add `textarea { resize: vertical; }` to only allow vertical resizing. +* Add `img { max-width: 100%; }` to the print styles; prevents images being truncated. +* Add Site Speed tracking for Google Analytics. +* Update to jQuery 1.6.2 (and use minified by default). +* Update to Modernizr 2.0 Complete, Production minified (includes yepnope, html5shiv, and Respond.js). +* Use `Modernizr.load()` to load the Google Analytics script. +* Much faster build process. +* Add build script options for CSSLint, JSLint, JSHint tools. +* Build script now compresses all images in subfolders. +* Build script now versions files by SHA hash. +* Many `.htaccess` improvements including: disable directory browsing, improved support for all versions of Apache, more robust and extensive HTTP compression rules. +* Remove `handheld.css` as it has very poor device support. +* Remove touch-icon `link` elements from the HTML and include improved touch-icon support. +* Remove the cache-busting query paramaters from files references in the HTML. +* Remove IE6 PNGFix. + +### 1.0.0 (March 21, 2011) + +* Rewrite build script to make it more customizable and flexible. +* Add a humans.txt. +* Numerous `.htaccess` improvements (including inline documentation). +* Move the alternative server configurations to the H5BP server configs repo. +* Use a protocol-relative url to reference jQuery and prevent mixed content warnings. +* Optimize the Google Analytics snippet. +* Use Eric Meyer's recent CSS reset update and the HTML5 Doctor reset. +* More robust `sub`/`sup` CSS styles. +* Add keyboard `.focusable` helper class that extends `.visuallyhidden`. +* Print styles no longer print hash or JavaScript links. +* Add a print reset for IE's proprietary filters. +* Remove IE9-specific conditional class on the `html` element. +* Remove margins from lists within `nav` elements. +* Remove YUI profiling. --- /dev/null +++ b/LICENSE.md @@ -1 +1,20 @@ +Copyright (c) HTML5 Boilerplate + +Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of +this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in +the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to +use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies +of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do +so, subject to the following conditions: + +The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all +copies or substantial portions of the Software. + +THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR +IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, +FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE +AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER +LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, +OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE +SOFTWARE. --- /dev/null +++ b/crossdomain.xml @@ -1 +1,16 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + --- /dev/null +++ b/css/main.css @@ -1 +1,299 @@ +/* + * HTML5 Boilerplate + * + * What follows is the result of much research on cross-browser styling. + * Credit left inline and big thanks to Nicolas Gallagher, Jonathan Neal, + * Kroc Camen, and the H5BP dev community and team. + */ + +/* ========================================================================== + Base styles: opinionated defaults + ========================================================================== */ + +html, +button, +input, +select, +textarea { + color: #222; +} + +body { + font-size: 1em; + line-height: 1.4; +} + +/* + * Remove text-shadow in selection highlight: h5bp.com/i + * These selection declarations have to be separate. + * Customize the background color to match your design. + */ + +::-moz-selection { + background: #b3d4fc; + text-shadow: none; +} + +::selection { + background: #b3d4fc; + text-shadow: none; +} + +/* + * A better looking default horizontal rule + */ + +hr { + display: block; + height: 1px; + border: 0; + border-top: 1px solid #ccc; + margin: 1em 0; + padding: 0; +} + +/* + * Remove the gap between images and the bottom of their containers: h5bp.com/i/440 + */ + +img { + vertical-align: middle; +} + +/* + * Remove default fieldset styles. + */ + +fieldset { + border: 0; + margin: 0; + padding: 0; +} + +/* + * Allow only vertical resizing of textareas. + */ + +textarea { + resize: vertical; +} + +/* ========================================================================== + Chrome Frame prompt + ========================================================================== */ + +.chromeframe { + margin: 0.2em 0; + background: #ccc; + color: #000; + padding: 0.2em 0; +} + +/* ========================================================================== + Author's custom styles + ========================================================================== */ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +/* ========================================================================== + Helper classes + ========================================================================== */ + +/* + * Image replacement + */ + +.ir { + background-color: transparent; + border: 0; + overflow: hidden; + /* IE 6/7 fallback */ + *text-indent: -9999px; +} + +.ir:before { + content: ""; + display: block; + width: 0; + height: 100%; +} + +/* + * Hide from both screenreaders and browsers: h5bp.com/u + */ + +.hidden { + display: none !important; + visibility: hidden; +} + +/* + * Hide only visually, but have it available for screenreaders: h5bp.com/v + */ + +.visuallyhidden { + border: 0; + clip: rect(0 0 0 0); + height: 1px; + margin: -1px; + overflow: hidden; + padding: 0; + position: absolute; + width: 1px; +} + +/* + * Extends the .visuallyhidden class to allow the element to be focusable + * when navigated to via the keyboard: h5bp.com/p + */ + +.visuallyhidden.focusable:active, +.visuallyhidden.focusable:focus { + clip: auto; + height: auto; + margin: 0; + overflow: visible; + position: static; + width: auto; +} + +/* + * Hide visually and from screenreaders, but maintain layout + */ + +.invisible { + visibility: hidden; +} + +/* + * Clearfix: contain floats + * + * For modern browsers + * 1. The space content is one way to avoid an Opera bug when the + * `contenteditable` attribute is included anywhere else in the document. + * Otherwise it causes space to appear at the top and bottom of elements + * that receive the `clearfix` class. + * 2. The use of `table` rather than `block` is only necessary if using + * `:before` to contain the top-margins of child elements. + */ + +.clearfix:before, +.clearfix:after { + content: " "; /* 1 */ + display: table; /* 2 */ +} + +.clearfix:after { + clear: both; +} + +/* + * For IE 6/7 only + * Include this rule to trigger hasLayout and contain floats. + */ + +.clearfix { + *zoom: 1; +} + +/* ========================================================================== + EXAMPLE Media Queries for Responsive Design. + Theses examples override the primary ('mobile first') styles. + Modify as content requires. + ========================================================================== */ + +@media only screen and (min-width: 35em) { + /* Style adjustments for viewports that meet the condition */ +} + +@media only screen and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.5), + only screen and (min-resolution: 144dpi) { + /* Style adjustments for high resolution devices */ +} + +/* ========================================================================== + Print styles. + Inlined to avoid required HTTP connection: h5bp.com/r + ========================================================================== */ + +@media print { + * { + background: transparent !important; + color: #000 !important; /* Black prints faster: h5bp.com/s */ + box-shadow:none !important; + text-shadow: none !important; + } + + a, + a:visited { + text-decoration: underline; + } + + a[href]:after { + content: " (" attr(href) ")"; + } + + abbr[title]:after { + content: " (" attr(title) ")"; + } + + /* + * Don't show links for images, or javascript/internal links + */ + + .ir a:after, + a[href^="javascript:"]:after, + a[href^="#"]:after { + content: ""; + } + + pre, + blockquote { + border: 1px solid #999; + page-break-inside: avoid; + } + + thead { + display: table-header-group; /* h5bp.com/t */ + } + + tr, + img { + page-break-inside: avoid; + } + + img { + max-width: 100% !important; + } + + @page { + margin: 0.5cm; + } + + p, + h2, + h3 { + orphans: 3; + widows: 3; + } + + h2, + h3 { + page-break-after: avoid; + } +} --- /dev/null +++ b/css/normalize.css @@ -1 +1,505 @@ +/*! normalize.css v1.0.1 | MIT License | git.io/normalize */ + +/* ========================================================================== + HTML5 display definitions + ========================================================================== */ + +/* + * Corrects `block` display not defined in IE 6/7/8/9 and Firefox 3. + */ + +article, +aside, +details, +figcaption, +figure, +footer, +header, +hgroup, +nav, +section, +summary { + display: block; +} + +/* + * Corrects `inline-block` display not defined in IE 6/7/8/9 and Firefox 3. + */ + +audio, +canvas, +video { + display: inline-block; + *display: inline; + *zoom: 1; +} + +/* + * Prevents modern browsers from displaying `audio` without controls. + * Remove excess height in iOS 5 devices. + */ + +audio:not([controls]) { + display: none; + height: 0; +} + +/* + * Addresses styling for `hidden` attribute not present in IE 7/8/9, Firefox 3, + * and Safari 4. + * Known issue: no IE 6 support. + */ + +[hidden] { + display: none; +} + +/* ========================================================================== + Base + ========================================================================== */ + +/* + * 1. Corrects text resizing oddly in IE 6/7 when body `font-size` is set using + * `em` units. + * 2. Prevents iOS text size adjust after orientation change, without disabling + * user zoom. + */ + +html { + font-size: 100%; /* 1 */ + -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; /* 2 */ + -ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; /* 2 */ +} + +/* + * Addresses `font-family` inconsistency between `textarea` and other form + * elements. + */ + +html, +button, +input, +select, +textarea { + font-family: sans-serif; +} + +/* + * Addresses margins handled incorrectly in IE 6/7. + */ + +body { + margin: 0; +} + +/* ========================================================================== + Links + ========================================================================== */ + +/* + * Addresses `outline` inconsistency between Chrome and other browsers. + */ + +a:focus { + outline: thin dotted; +} + +/* + * Improves readability when focused and also mouse hovered in all browsers. + */ + +a:active, +a:hover { + outline: 0; +} + +/* ========================================================================== + Typography + ========================================================================== */ + +/* + * Addresses font sizes and margins set differently in IE 6/7. + * Addresses font sizes within `section` and `article` in Firefox 4+, Safari 5, + * and Chrome. + */ + +h1 { + font-size: 2em; + margin: 0.67em 0; +} + +h2 { + font-size: 1.5em; + margin: 0.83em 0; +} + +h3 { + font-size: 1.17em; + margin: 1em 0; +} + +h4 { + font-size: 1em; + margin: 1.33em 0; +} + +h5 { + font-size: 0.83em; + margin: 1.67em 0; +} + +h6 { + font-size: 0.75em; + margin: 2.33em 0; +} + +/* + * Addresses styling not present in IE 7/8/9, Safari 5, and Chrome. + */ + +abbr[title] { + border-bottom: 1px dotted; +} + +/* + * Addresses style set to `bolder` in Firefox 3+, Safari 4/5, and Chrome. + */ + +b, +strong { + font-weight: bold; +} + +blockquote { + margin: 1em 40px; +} + +/* + * Addresses styling not present in Safari 5 and Chrome. + */ + +dfn { + font-style: italic; +} + +/* + * Addresses styling not present in IE 6/7/8/9. + */ + +mark { + background: #ff0; + color: #000; +} + +/* + * Addresses margins set differently in IE 6/7. + */ + +p, +pre { + margin: 1em 0; +} + +/* + * Corrects font family set oddly in IE 6, Safari 4/5, and Chrome. + */ + +code, +kbd, +pre, +samp { + font-family: monospace, serif; + _font-family: 'courier new', monospace; + font-size: 1em; +} + +/* + * Improves readability of pre-formatted text in all browsers. + */ + +pre { + white-space: pre; + white-space: pre-wrap; + word-wrap: break-word; +} + +/* + * Addresses CSS quotes not supported in IE 6/7. + */ + +q { + quotes: none; +} + +/* + * Addresses `quotes` property not supported in Safari 4. + */ + +q:before, +q:after { + content: ''; + content: none; +} + +/* + * Addresses inconsistent and variable font size in all browsers. + */ + +small { + font-size: 80%; +} + +/* + * Prevents `sub` and `sup` affecting `line-height` in all browsers. + */ + +sub, +sup { + font-size: 75%; + line-height: 0; + position: relative; + vertical-align: baseline; +} + +sup { + top: -0.5em; +} + +sub { + bottom: -0.25em; +} + +/* ========================================================================== + Lists + ========================================================================== */ + +/* + * Addresses margins set differently in IE 6/7. + */ + +dl, +menu, +ol, +ul { + margin: 1em 0; +} + +dd { + margin: 0 0 0 40px; +} + +/* + * Addresses paddings set differently in IE 6/7. + */ + +menu, +ol, +ul { + padding: 0 0 0 40px; +} + +/* + * Corrects list images handled incorrectly in IE 7. + */ + +nav ul, +nav ol { + list-style: none; + list-style-image: none; +} + +/* ========================================================================== + Embedded content + ========================================================================== */ + +/* + * 1. Removes border when inside `a` element in IE 6/7/8/9 and Firefox 3. + * 2. Improves image quality when scaled in IE 7. + */ + +img { + border: 0; /* 1 */ + -ms-interpolation-mode: bicubic; /* 2 */ +} + +/* + * Corrects overflow displayed oddly in IE 9. + */ + +svg:not(:root) { + overflow: hidden; +} + +/* ========================================================================== + Figures + ========================================================================== */ + +/* + * Addresses margin not present in IE 6/7/8/9, Safari 5, and Opera 11. + */ + +figure { + margin: 0; +} + +/* ========================================================================== + Forms + ========================================================================== */ + +/* + * Corrects margin displayed oddly in IE 6/7. + */ + +form { + margin: 0; +} + +/* + * Define consistent border, margin, and padding. + */ + +fieldset { + border: 1px solid #c0c0c0; + margin: 0 2px; + padding: 0.35em 0.625em 0.75em; +} + +/* + * 1. Corrects color not being inherited in IE 6/7/8/9. + * 2. Corrects text not wrapping in Firefox 3. + * 3. Corrects alignment displayed oddly in IE 6/7. + */ + +legend { + border: 0; /* 1 */ + padding: 0; + white-space: normal; /* 2 */ + *margin-left: -7px; /* 3 */ +} + +/* + * 1. Corrects font size not being inherited in all browsers. + * 2. Addresses margins set differently in IE 6/7, Firefox 3+, Safari 5, + * and Chrome. + * 3. Improves appearance and consistency in all browsers. + */ + +button, +input, +select, +textarea { + font-size: 100%; /* 1 */ + margin: 0; /* 2 */ + vertical-align: baseline; /* 3 */ + *vertical-align: middle; /* 3 */ +} + +/* + * Addresses Firefox 3+ setting `line-height` on `input` using `!important` in + * the UA stylesheet. + */ + +button, +input { + line-height: normal; +} + +/* + * 1. Avoid the WebKit bug in Android 4.0.* where (2) destroys native `audio` + * and `video` controls. + * 2. Corrects inability to style clickable `input` types in iOS. + * 3. Improves usability and consistency of cursor style between image-type + * `input` and others. + * 4. Removes inner spacing in IE 7 without affecting normal text inputs. + * Known issue: inner spacing remains in IE 6. + */ + +button, +html input[type="button"], /* 1 */ +input[type="reset"], +input[type="submit"] { + -webkit-appearance: button; /* 2 */ + cursor: pointer; /* 3 */ + *overflow: visible; /* 4 */ +} + +/* + * Re-set default cursor for disabled elements. + */ + +button[disabled], +input[disabled] { + cursor: default; +} + +/* + * 1. Addresses box sizing set to content-box in IE 8/9. + * 2. Removes excess padding in IE 8/9. + * 3. Removes excess padding in IE 7. + * Known issue: excess padding remains in IE 6. + */ + +input[type="checkbox"], +input[type="radio"] { + box-sizing: border-box; /* 1 */ + padding: 0; /* 2 */ + *height: 13px; /* 3 */ + *width: 13px; /* 3 */ +} + +/* + * 1. Addresses `appearance` set to `searchfield` in Safari 5 and Chrome. + * 2. Addresses `box-sizing` set to `border-box` in Safari 5 and Chrome + * (include `-moz` to future-proof). + */ + +input[type="search"] { + -webkit-appearance: textfield; /* 1 */ + -moz-box-sizing: content-box; + -webkit-box-sizing: content-box; /* 2 */ + box-sizing: content-box; +} + +/* + * Removes inner padding and search cancel button in Safari 5 and Chrome + * on OS X. + */ + +input[type="search"]::-webkit-search-cancel-button, +input[type="search"]::-webkit-search-decoration { + -webkit-appearance: none; +} + +/* + * Removes inner padding and border in Firefox 3+. + */ + +button::-moz-focus-inner, +input::-moz-focus-inner { + border: 0; + padding: 0; +} + +/* + * 1. Removes default vertical scrollbar in IE 6/7/8/9. + * 2. Improves readability and alignment in all browsers. + */ + +textarea { + overflow: auto; /* 1 */ + vertical-align: top; /* 2 */ +} + +/* ========================================================================== + Tables + ========================================================================== */ + +/* + * Remove most spacing between table cells. + */ + +table { + border-collapse: collapse; + border-spacing: 0; +} --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/README.md @@ -1 +1,39 @@ +[HTML5 Boilerplate homepage](http://html5boilerplate.com) + +# HTML5 Boilerplate documentation: + +## Getting started + +* [Usage](usage.md) — Overview of the project contents. +* [FAQ](faq.md) — Frequently asked questions, along with their answers. + +## The core of HTML5 Boilerplate + +* [HTML](html.md) — A guide to the default HTML. +* [CSS](css.md) — A guide to the default CSS. +* [JavaScript](js.md) — A guide to the default JavaScript. +* [.htaccess](htaccess.md) — All about the Apache web server config (also see + our [alternative server configs](https://github.com/h5bp/server-configs)). +* [crossdomain.xml](crossdomain.md) — An introduction to making use of + crossdomain requests. +* [Everything else](misc.md). + +## Development + +* [Contributing to HTML5 Boilerplate](contribute.md) — Guidelines on how to + contribute effectively. +* [Extending and customizing HTML5 Boilerplate](extend.md) — Going further with + the boilerplate. + +## Related projects + +HTML5 Boilerplate has several related projects to help improve the performance +of your site/app in various production environments. + +* [Server configs](https://github.com/h5bp/server-configs) — Configs for + non-Apache servers. +* [Node build script](https://github.com/h5bp/node-build-script) — A + feature-rich [grunt](https://github.com/cowboy/grunt) plugin. +* [Ant build script](https://github.com/h5bp/ant-build-script) — The original + HTML5 Boilerplate build script. --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/contribute.md @@ -1 +1,105 @@ +[HTML5 Boilerplate homepage](http://html5boilerplate.com) | [Documentation +table of contents](README.md) + +# Contributing to HTML5 Boilerplate + +♥ HTML5 Boilerplate and want to get involved? Thanks! There are plenty of ways +you can help! + + +## Reporting issues + +A bug is a _demonstrable problem_ that is caused by the code in the +repository. + +Please read the following guidelines before you [report an issue](https://github.com/h5bp/html5-boilerplate/issues/): + +1. **Use the GitHub issue search** — check if the issue has already been + reported. If it has been, please comment on the existing issue. + +2. **Check if the issue has been fixed** — the latest `master` or + development branch may already contain a fix. + +3. **Isolate the demonstrable problem** — make sure that the code in the + project's repository is _definitely_ responsible for the issue. Create a + [reduced test case](http://css-tricks.com/6263-reduced-test-cases/) - an + extremely simple and immediately viewable example of the issue. + +4. **Include a live example** — provide a link to your reduced test case + when appropriate (e.g. if the issue is related to (front-end technologies). + Please use [jsFiddle](http://jsfiddle.net) to host examples. + +Please try to be as detailed as possible in your report too. What is your +environment? What steps will reproduce the issue? What browser(s) and OS +experience the problem? What would you expect to be the outcome? All these +details will help people to assess and fix any potential bugs. + +### Example of a good bug report: + +> Short and descriptive title +> +> A summary of the issue and the browser/OS environment in which it occurs. If +> suitable, include the steps required to reproduce the bug. +> +> 1. This is the first step +> 2. This is the second step +> 3. Further steps, etc. +> +> `` (a link to the reduced test case) +> +> Any other information you want to share that is relevant to the issue being +> reported. This might include the lines of code that you have identified as +> causing the bug, and potential solutions (and your opinions on their +> merits). + +A good bug report shouldn't leave people needing to chase you up to get further +information that is required to assess or fix the bug. + +**[File a bug report](https://github.com/h5bp/html5-boilerplate/issues/)** + + +## Pull requests + +Good pull requests — patches, improvements, new features — are a fantastic +help. They should remain focused in scope and avoid containing unrelated +commits. + +If your contribution involves a significant amount of work or substantial +changes to any part of the project, please open an issue to discuss it first. + +Please follow this process; it's the best way to get your work included in the +project: + +1. [Fork](http://help.github.com/fork-a-repo/) the project. + +2. Clone your fork (`git clone + https://github.com//html5-boilerplate.git`). + +3. Add an `upstream` remote (`git remote add upstream + https://github.com/h5bp/html5-boilerplate.git`). + +4. Get the latest changes from upstream (e.g. `git pull upstream + `). + +5. Create a new topic branch to contain your feature, change, or fix (`git + checkout -b `). + +6. Make sure that your changes adhere to the current coding conventions used + throughout the project - indentation, accurate comments, etc. Please update + any documentation that is relevant to the change you are making. + +7. Commit your changes in logical chunks; use git's [interactive + rebase](https://help.github.com/articles/interactive-rebase) feature to tidy + up your commits before making them public. Please adhere to these [git commit + message + guidelines](http://tbaggery.com/2008/04/19/a-note-about-git-commit-messages.html) + or your pull request is unlikely be merged into the main project. + +8. Locally merge (or rebase) the upstream branch into your topic branch. + +9. Push your topic branch up to your fork (`git push origin + `). + +10. [Open a Pull Request](http://help.github.com/send-pull-requests/) with a + clear title and description. Please mention which browsers you tested in. --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/crossdomain.md @@ -1 +1,22 @@ +[HTML5 Boilerplate homepage](http://html5boilerplate.com) | [Documentation +table of contents](README.md) + +# crossdomain.xml + +A cross-domain policy file is an XML document that grants a web client—such as +Adobe Flash Player, Adobe Reader, etc., permission to handle data across +multiple domains. When a client hosts content from a particular source domain +and that content makes requests directed towards a domain other than its own, +the remote domain would need to host a cross-domain policy file that grants +access to the source domain, allowing the client to continue with the +transaction. Policy files grant read access to data, permit a client to include +custom headers in cross-domain requests, and are also used with sockets to +grant permissions for socket-based connections. + +For full details, check out Adobe's article about the [cross-domain policy file +specification](http://www.adobe.com/devnet/articles/crossdomain_policy_file_spec.html) + +Read the [Cross-domain policy file +specification](http://learn.adobe.com/wiki/download/attachments/64389123/CrossDomain_PolicyFile_Specification.pdf?version=1) +- (PDF, 129 KB) --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/css.md @@ -1 +1,136 @@ +[HTML5 Boilerplate homepage](http://html5boilerplate.com) | [Documentation +table of contents](README.md) + +# The CSS + +The HTML5 Boilerplate starting CSS includes: + +* [Normalize.css](https://github.com/necolas/normalize.css). +* Useful HTML5 Boilerplate defaults. +* Common helpers. +* Placeholder media queries. +* Print styles. + +This starting CSS does not rely on the presence of conditional classnames, +conditional style sheets, or Modernizr. It is ready to use whatever your +development preferences happen to be. + + +## Normalize.css + +Normalize.css is a modern, HTML5-ready alternative to CSS resets. It contains +extensive inline documentation. Please refer to the [Normalize.css +project](http://necolas.github.com/normalize.css/) for more information. + + +## HTML5 Boilerplate defaults + +This project includes a handful of base styles that build upon Normalize.css. +These include: + +* Basic typography settings to provide improved text readability by default. +* Protection against unwanted `text-shadow` during text highlighting. +* Tweaks to default image alignment, fieldsets, and textareas. +* A pretty Chrome Frame prompt. + +You are free to modify or add to these base styles as your project requires. + + +## Common helpers + +#### `.ir` + +Add the `.ir` class to any element you are applying image-replacement to. When +replacing an element's content with an image, make sure to also set a specific +`background-image: url(pathtoimage.png);`, `width`, and `height` so that your +replacement image appears. + +#### `.hidden` + +Add the `.hidden` class to any elements that you want to hide from all +presentations, including screen readers. It could be an element that will be +populated later with JavaScript or an element you will hide with JavaScript. Do +not use this for SEO keyword stuffing. That is just not cool. + +#### `.visuallyhidden` + +Add the `.visuallyhidden` class to hide text from browsers but make it +available for screen readers. You can use this to hide text that is specific to +screen readers but that other users should not see. [About invisible +content](http://www.webaim.org/techniques/css/invisiblecontent/), [Hiding +content for +accessibility](http://snook.ca/archives/html_and_css/hiding-content-for-accessibility), +[HTML5 Boilerplate +issue/research](https://github.com/h5bp/html5-boilerplate/issues/194/). + +#### `.invisible` + +Add the `.invisible` class to any element you want to hide without affecting +layout. When you use `display: none` an element is effectively removed from the +layout. But in some cases you want the element to simply be invisible while +remaining in the flow and not affecting the positioning of surrounding +content. + +#### `.clearfix` + +Adding `.clearfix` to an element will ensure that it always fully contains its +floated children. There have been many variants of the clearfix hack over the +years, and there are other hacks that can also help you to contain floated +children, but the HTML5 Boilerplate currently uses the [micro +clearfix](http://nicolasgallagher.com/micro-clearfix-hack/). + + +## Media Queries + +The boilerplate makes it easy to get started with a "Mobile First" and +[Responsive Web +Design](http://www.alistapart.com/articles/responsive-web-design/) approach to +development. But it's worth remembering that there are [no silver +bullets](http://www.cloudfour.com/css-media-query-for-mobile-is-fools-gold/). + +We include a placeholder Media Queries to build up your mobile styles for wider +viewports and high-resolution displays. It's recommended that you adapt these +Media Queries based on the content of your site rather than mirroring the fixed +dimensions of specific devices. + +If you do not want to take a "Mobile First" approach, you can simply edit or +remove these placeholder Media Queries. One possibility would be to work from +wide viewports down and use `max-width` MQs instead, e.g., `@media only screen +and (max-width: 480px)`. + +Take a look into the [Mobile +Boilerplate](https://github.com/h5bp/mobile-boilerplate) for features that are +useful when developing mobile wep apps. + + +## Print styles + +* Print styles are inlined to [reduce the number of page + requests](http://www.phpied.com/delay-loading-your-print-css/). +* We strip all background colors and change the font color to dark gray and + remove text-shadow. This is meant to help save printer ink. +* Anchors do not need colors to indicate they are linked. They are underlined + to indicate so. +* Anchors and Abbreviations are expanded to indicate where users reading the + printed page can refer to. +* But we do not want to show link text for image replaced elements (given that + they are primarily images). + +### Paged media styles + +* Paged media is supported only in a [few + browsers](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_layout_engines_%28Cascading_Style_Sheets%29#Grammar_and_rules). +* Paged media support means browsers would know how to interpret instructions + on breaking content into pages and on orphans/widows. +* We use `page-break-inside: avoid;` to prevent an image and table row from + being split into two different pages, so use the same `page-break-inside: + avoid;` for that as well. +* Headings should always appear with the text they are titles for. So, we + ensure headings never appear in a different page than the text they describe + by using `page-break-after: avoid;`. +* We also apply a default margin for the page specified in `cm`. +* We do not want [orphans and + widows](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Widows_and_orphans) to appear on pages + you print. So, by defining `orphans: 3` and `widows: 3` you define the minimal + number of words that every line should contain. --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/extend.md @@ -1 +1,508 @@ +[HTML5 Boilerplate homepage](http://html5boilerplate.com) | [Documentation +table of contents](README.md) + +# Extend and customise HTML5 Boilerplate + +Here is some useful advice for how you can make your project with HTML5 +Boilerplate even better. We don't want to include it all by default, as not +everything fits with everyone's needs. + + +## DNS prefetching + +In short, DNS Prefetching is a method of informing the browser of domain names +referenced on a site so that the client can resolve the DNS for those hosts, +cache them, and when it comes time to use them, have a faster turn around on +the request. + +### Implicit prefetches + +There is a lot of prefetching done for you automatically by the browser. When +the browser encounters an anchor in your html that does not share the same +domain name as the current location the browser requests, from the client OS, +the IP address for this new domain. The client first checks its cache and +then, lacking a cached copy, makes a request from a DNS server. These requests +happen in the background and are not meant to block the rendering of the +page. + +The goal of this is that when the foreign IP address is finally needed it will +already be in the client cache and will not block the loading of the foreign +content. Less requests result in faster page load times. The perception of this +is increased on a mobile platform where DNS latency can be greater. + +#### Disable implicit prefetching + +```html + +``` + +Even with X-DNS-Prefetch-Control meta tag (or http header) browsers will still +prefetch any explicit dns-prefetch links. + +**_WARNING:_** THIS MAY MAKE YOUR SITE SLOWER IF YOU RELY ON RESOURCES FROM +FOREIGN DOMAINS. + +### Explicit prefetches + +Typically the browser only scans the HTML for foreign domains. If you have +resources that are outside of your HTML (a javascript request to a remote +server or a CDN that hosts content that may not be present on every page of +your site, for example) then you can queue up a domain name to be prefetched. + +```html + + +``` + +You can use as many of these as you need, but it's best if they are all +immediately after the [Meta +Charset](https://developer.mozilla.org/en/HTML/Element/meta#attr-charset) +element (which should go right at the top of the `head`), so the browser can +act on them ASAP. + +#### Common Prefetch Links + +Amazon S3: + +```html + +``` + +Google APIs: + +```html + +``` + +Microsoft Ajax Content Delivery Network: + +```html + + +``` + +### Browser support for DNS prefetching + +Chrome, Firefox 3.5+, Safari 5+, Opera (Unknown), IE 9 (called "Pre-resolution" +on blogs.msdn.com) + +### Further reading about DNS prefetching + +* https://developer.mozilla.org/En/Controlling_DNS_prefetching +* http://dev.chromium.org/developers/design-documents/dns-prefetching +* http://www.apple.com/safari/whats-new.html +* http://blogs.msdn.com/b/ie/archive/2011/03/17/internet-explorer-9-network-performance-improvements.aspx +* http://dayofjs.com/videos/22158462/web-browsers_alex-russel + + +## Search + +### Direct search spiders to your sitemap + +[Learn how to make a sitemap](http://www.sitemaps.org/protocol.php) + +```html + +``` + +### Hide pages from search engines + +According to Heather Champ, former community manager at Flickr, you should not +allow search engines to index your "Contact Us" or "Complaints" page if you +value your sanity. This is an HTML-centric way of achieving that. + +```html + +``` + +**_WARNING:_** DO NOT INCLUDE ON PAGES THAT SHOULD APPEAR IN SEARCH ENGINES. + +### Firefox and IE Search Plugins + +Sites with in-site search functionality should be strongly considered for a +browser search plugin. A "search plugin" is an XML file which defines how your +plugin behaves in the browser. [How to make a browser search +plugin](http://www.google.com/search?ie=UTF-8&q=how+to+make+browser+search+plugin). + +```html + +``` + + +## Internet Explorer + +### Prompt users to switch to "Desktop Mode" in IE10 Metro + +IE10 does not support plugins, such as Flash, in Metro mode. If your site +requires plugins, you can let users know that via the X-UA-Compatible meta +element, which will prompt them to switch to Desktop Mode. + +```html + +``` + +Here's what it looks like alongside H5BP's default X-UA-Compatible values: + +```html + +``` + +You can find more information in [Microsoft's IEBlog post about prompting for +plugin use in IE10 Metro +Mode](http://blogs.msdn.com/b/ie/archive/2012/01/31/web-sites-and-a-plug-in-free-web.aspx). + +### IE Pinned Sites (IE9+) + +Enabling your application for pinning will allow IE9 users to add it to their +Windows Taskbar and Start Menu. This comes with a range of new tools that you +can easily configure with the elements below. See more [documentation on IE9 +Pinned Sites](http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/gg131029.aspx). + +### Name the Pinned Site for Windows + +Without this rule, Windows will use the page title as the name for your +application. + +```html + +``` + +### Give your Pinned Site a tooltip + +You know — a tooltip. A little textbox that appears when the user holds their +mouse over your Pinned Site's icon. + +```html + +``` + +### Set a default page for your Pinned Site + +If the site should go to a specific URL when it is pinned (such as the +homepage), enter it here. One idea is to send it to a special URL so you can +track the number of pinned users, like so: +`http://www.example.com/index.html?pinned=true` + +```html + +``` + +### Recolor IE's controls manually for a Pinned Site + +IE9+ will automatically use the overall color of your Pinned Site's favicon to +shade its browser buttons. UNLESS you give it another color here. Only use +named colors (`red`) or hex colors (`#ff0000`). + +```html + +``` + +### Manually set the window size of a Pinned Site + +If the site should open at a certain window size once pinned, you can specify +the dimensions here. It only supports static pixel dimensions. 800x600 +minimum. + +```html + +``` + +### Jump List "Tasks" for Pinned Sites + +Add Jump List Tasks that will appear when the Pinned Site's icon gets a +right-click. Each Task goes to the specified URL, and gets its own mini icon +(essentially a favicon, a 16x16 .ICO). You can add as many of these as you +need. + +```html + + +``` + +### (Windows 8) High quality visuals for Pinned Sites + +Windows 8 adds the ability for you to provide a PNG tile image and specify the +tile's background color. [Full details on the IE +blog](http://blogs.msdn.com/b/ie/archive/2012/06/08/high-quality-visuals-for-pinned-sites-in-windows-8.aspx). + +* Create a 144x144 image of your site icon, filling all of the canvas, and + using a transparent background. +* Save this image as a 32-bit PNG and optimize it without reducing + colour-depth. It can be named whatever you want (e.g. `metro-tile.png`). +* To reference the tile and its color, add the HTML `meta` elements described + in the IE Blog post. + +### (Windows 8) Badges for Pinned Sites + +IE10 will poll an XML document for badge information to display on your app's +tile in the Start screen. The user will be able to receive these badge updates +even when your app isn't actively running. The badge's value can be a number, +or one of a predefined list of glyphs. + +* [Tutorial on IEBlog with link to badge XML schema](http://blogs.msdn.com/b/ie/archive/2012/04/03/pinned-sites-in-windows-8.aspx) +* [Available badge values](http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ie/br212849.aspx) + +```html + +``` + +### Suppress IE6 image toolbar + +Kill IE6's pop-up-on-mouseover toolbar for images that can interfere with +certain designs and be pretty distracting in general. + +```html + +``` + + +## Social Networks + +### Facebook Open Graph data + +You can control the information that Facebook and others display when users +share your site. Below are just the most basic data points you might need. For +specific content types (including "website"), see [Facebook's built-in Open +Graph content +templates](https://developers.facebook.com/docs/opengraph/objects/builtin/). +Take full advantage of Facebook's support for complex data and activity by +following the [Open Graph +tutorial](https://developers.facebook.com/docs/opengraph/tutorial/). + +```html + + + +``` + +### Twitter Cards + +Twitter provides a snippet specification that serves a similar purpose to Open +Graph. In fact, Twitter will use Open Graph when Cards is not available. Note +that, as of this writing, Twitter requires that app developers activate Cards +on a per-domain basis. You can read more about the various snippet formats +and application process in the [official Twitter Cards +documentation](https://dev.twitter.com/docs/cards). + +```html + + + + + + + +``` + + +## URLs + +### Canonical URL + +Signal to search engines and others "Use this URL for this page!" Useful when +parameters after a `#` or `?` is used to control the display state of a page. +`http://www.example.com/cart.html?shopping-cart-open=true` can be indexed as +the cleaner, more accurate `http://www.example.com/cart.html`. + +```html + +``` + +### Official shortlink + +Signal to the world "This is the shortened URL to use this page!" Poorly +supported at this time. Learn more by reading the [article about shortlinks on +the Microformats wiki](http://microformats.org/wiki/rel-shortlink). + +```html + +``` + + +## News Feeds + +### RSS + +Have an RSS feed? Link to it here. Want to [learn how to write an RSS feed from +scratch](http://www.rssboard.org/rss-specification)? + +```html + +``` + +### Atom + +Atom is similar to RSS, and you might prefer to use it instead of or in +addition to it. [See what Atom's all +about](http://www.atomenabled.org/developers/syndication/). + +```html + +``` + +### Pingbacks + +Your server may be notified when another site links to yours. The href +attribute should contain the location of your pingback service. + +```html + +``` + +* High-level explanation: http://codex.wordpress.org/Introduction_to_Blogging#Pingbacks +* Step-by-step example case: http://www.hixie.ch/specs/pingback/pingback-1.0#TOC5 +* PHP pingback service: http://blog.perplexedlabs.com/2009/07/15/xmlrpc-pingbacks-using-php/ + + +## App Stores + +### Install a Chrome Web Store app + +Users can install a Chrome app directly from your website, as long as the app +and site have been associated via Google's Webmaster Tools. Read more on +[Chrome Web Store's Inline Installation +docs](https://developers.google.com/chrome/web-store/docs/inline_installation). + +```html + +``` + +### Smart App Banners in iOS 6 Safari + +Stop bothering everyone with gross modals advertising your entry in the App Store. +This bit of code will unintrusively allow the user the option to download your iOS +app, or open it with some data about the user's current state on the website. + +```html + +``` + +## Google Analytics augments + +### More tracking settings + +The [optimized Google Analytics +snippet](http://mathiasbynens.be/notes/async-analytics-snippet) included with +HTML5 Boilerplate includes something like this: + +```js +var _gaq = [['_setAccount', 'UA-XXXXX-X'], ['_trackPageview']]; +``` + +In case you need more settings, just extend the array literal instead of +[`.push()`ing to the +array](http://mathiasbynens.be/notes/async-analytics-snippet#dont-push-it) +afterwards: + +```js +var _gaq = [['_setAccount', 'UA-XXXXX-X'], ['_trackPageview'], ['_setAllowAnchor', true]]; +``` + +### Anonymize IP addresses + +In some countries, no personal data may be transferred outside jurisdictions +that do not have similarly strict laws (i.e. from Germany to outside the EU). +Thus a webmaster using the Google Analytics script may have to ensure that no +personal (trackable) data is transferred to the US. You can do that with [the +`_gat.anonymizeIp` +option](http://code.google.com/apis/analytics/docs/gaJS/gaJSApi_gat.html#_gat._anonymizeIp). +In use it looks like this: + +```js +var _gaq = [['_setAccount', 'UA-XXXXX-X'], ['_gat._anonymizeIp'], ['_trackPageview']]; +``` + +### Track jQuery AJAX requests in Google Analytics + +An article by @JangoSteve explains how to [track jQuery AJAX requests in Google +Analytics](http://www.alfajango.com/blog/track-jquery-ajax-requests-in-google-analytics/). + +Add this to `plugins.js`: + +```js +/* + * Log all jQuery AJAX requests to Google Analytics + * See: http://www.alfajango.com/blog/track-jquery-ajax-requests-in-google-analytics/ + */ +if (typeof _gaq !== "undefined" && _gaq !== null) { + $(document).ajaxSend(function(event, xhr, settings){ + _gaq.push(['_trackPageview', settings.url]); + }); +} +``` + +### Track JavaScript errors in Google Analytics + +Add this function after `_gaq` is defined: + +```js +(function(window){ + var undefined, + link = function (href) { + var a = window.document.createElement('a'); + a.href = href; + return a; + }; + window.onerror = function (message, file, row) { + var host = link(file).hostname; + _gaq.push([ + '_trackEvent', + (host == window.location.hostname || host == undefined || host == '' ? '' : 'external ') + 'error', + message, file + ' LINE: ' + row, undefined, undefined, true + ]); + }; +}(window)); +``` + +### Track page scroll + +Add this function after `_gaq` is defined: + +```js +$(function(){ + var isDuplicateScrollEvent, + scrollTimeStart = new Date, + $window = $(window), + $document = $(document), + scrollPercent; + + $window.scroll(function() { + scrollPercent = Math.round(100 * ($window.height() + $window.scrollTop())/$document.height()); + if (scrollPercent > 90 && !isDuplicateScrollEvent) { //page scrolled to 90% + isDuplicateScrollEvent = 1; + _gaq.push(['_trackEvent', 'scroll', + 'Window: ' + $window.height() + 'px; Document: ' + $document.height() + 'px; Time: ' + Math.round((new Date - scrollTimeStart )/1000,1) + 's', + undefined, undefined, true + ]); + } + }); +}); +``` + + +## Miscellaneous + +* Use [HTML5 + polyfills](https://github.com/Modernizr/Modernizr/wiki/HTML5-Cross-browser-Polyfills). + +* Use [Microformats](http://microformats.org/wiki/Main_Page) (via + [microdata](http://microformats.org/wiki/microdata)) for optimum search + results + [visibility](http://googlewebmastercentral.blogspot.com/2009/05/introducing-rich-snippets.html). + +* If you're building a web app you may want [native style momentum scrolling in + iOS5](http://johanbrook.com/browsers/native-momentum-scrolling-ios-5/) using + `-webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch`. + +* Avoid development/stage websites "leaking" into SERPs (search engine results + page) by [implementing X-Robots-tag + headers](https://github.com/h5bp/html5-boilerplate/issues/804). + +* Screen readers currently have less-than-stellar support for HTML5 but the JS + script [accessifyhtml5.js](https://github.com/yatil/accessifyhtml5.js) can + help increase accessibility by adding ARIA roles to HTML5 elements. + + +*Many thanks to [Brian Blakely](https://github.com/brianblakely) for +contributing much of this information.* --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/faq.md @@ -1 +1,78 @@ +[HTML5 Boilerplate homepage](http://html5boilerplate.com) | [Documentation +table of contents](README.md) + +# Frequently asked questions + +### Why is the URL for jQuery without "http"? + +This is an intentional use of [protocol-relative +URLs](http://paulirish.com/2010/the-protocol-relative-url/) + +**N.B.** Using a protocol-relative URL for files that exist on a CDN is +problematic when you try to view your local files directly in the browser. The +browser will attempt to fetch the file from your local file system. We +recommend that you use a local server to test your pages (or Dropbox). This can +be done using Python by running `python -m SimpleHTTPServer` from your local +directory, using Ruby by installing and running +[asdf](https://rubygems.org/gems/asdf), and by installing any one of XAMPP, +MAMP, or WAMP. + + +### Why don't you automatically load the latest version of jQuery from the Google CDN? + +1. The latest version of jQuery may not be compatible with the existing + plugins/code on the site. Version updating should be an intentional + decision. +2. The latest version has a very short `max-age=3600` compares to the specific + version of `max-age=31536000`, which means you won't get the benefits of + long-term caching. + + +### Why is the Google Analytics code at the bottom? Google recommends it be placed the `head`. + +The advantage to placing it in the `head` is that you will track a user's +pageview even if they leave the page before it has been fully loaded. However, +putting the code at the bottom keeps all the scripts together and reinforces +that scripts at the bottom are the right move. + + +### How can I integrate [Twitter Bootstrap](http://twitter.github.com/bootstrap/) with HTML5 Boilerplate? + +You can use [Initializr](http://initializr.com) to create a custom build that +includes HTML5 Boilerplate with Twitter Bootstrap. + +Read more about how [HTML5 Boilerplate and Twitter Bootstrap complement each +other](http://www.quora.com/Is-Bootstrap-a-complement-OR-an-alternative-to-HTML5-Boilerplate-or-viceversa/answer/Nicolas-Gallagher). + + +### How do I prevent phone numbers looking twice as large and having a Skype highlight? + +If this is occurring, it is because a user has the Skype browser extension +installed. + +Use the following CSS to prevent Skype from formatting the numbers on your +page: + +```css +span.skype_pnh_container { + display: none !important; +} + +span.skype_pnh_print_container { + display: inline !important; +} +``` + + +### Do I need to upgrade my sites each time a new version of HTML5 Boilerplate is released? + +No. You don't normally replace the foundations of a house once it has been +built. There is nothing stopping you from trying to work in the latest changes +but you'll have to assess the costs/benefits of doing so. + + +### Where can I get help for support questions? + +Please ask for help on +[StackOverflow](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/html5boilerplate). --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/htaccess.md @@ -1 +1,324 @@ +[HTML5 Boilerplate homepage](http://html5boilerplate.com) | [Documentation +table of contents](README.md) + +# .htaccess + +In Apache HTTP server, `.htaccess` (hypertext access) is the configuration file +that allows for web server configuration. HTML5 Boilerplate includes a number +of best practice server rules for making web pages fast and secure, these rules +can be applied by configuring `.htaccess` file. + +**You'll want to have these modules enabled for optimum performance:** + +* `mod_setenvif.c` (setenvif_module) +* `mod_headers.c` (headers_module) +* `mod_deflate.c` (deflate_module) +* `mod_filter.c` (filter_module) +* `mod_expires.c` (expires_module) +* `mod_rewrite.c` (rewrite_module) + + +## On Windows + +You've got a couple of options that depend on how you installed Apache. + +1. **WampServer**. This is by far the simplest option. If you have installed + WampServer just click on the icon in the task bar, hover over the Apache + section in the menu that comes up and then hover over the modules section. + You will be presented with a list of modules. Simply click on a module name + to enable it (or disable it if it is already enabled). A check mark next to + a module indicates that it is enabled. WampServer will automatically restart + the Apache service after you enable a module. + +2. **Manually editing `httpd.conf`**. This assumes that you have manually + installed Apache. You will need to locate the `httpd.conf` file which is + normally in the `conf` folder in the folder where you installed Apache (for + example `C:\apache\conf\httpd.conf`). Open up this file in a text editor. Near + the top (after a bunch of comments) you will see a long list of modules. Check + to make sure that the modules listed above are not commented out. If they + are, go ahead and uncomment them and restart Apache. + +That's it, you're done! + + +## On Linux + +These instructions should work on any distribution where `apt-get` has been +used to install Apache. + +1. Open up a terminal and type the following command. Enter your password when + prompted. + + `sudo a2enmod setenvif headers deflate filter expires rewrite include` + +1. Restart apache by using the following command so the new configuration takes + effect. + + `sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart` + +That's it, you're done! + + +## On Mac + +Coming soon... + + +## Security + +Do not turn off your ServerSignature (i.e., the `Server:` HTTP header). Serious +attackers can use other kinds of fingerprinting methods to figure out the +actual server and components running behind a port. Instead, as a site owner, +you should keep track of what's listening on ports on hosts that you control. +Run a periodic scanner to make sure nothing suspicious is running on a host you +control, and use the ServerSignature to determine if this is the web server and +version that you expect. + + +## Performance + +### Configure ETags + +```apache +FileETag None +``` + +Entity tags (ETags) is a mechanism that web servers and browsers use to +determine whether the component in the browser's cache matches the one on the +origin server. (An "entity" is another word a "component": images, scripts, +stylesheets, etc.) ETags were added to provide a mechanism for validating +entities that is more flexible than the last-modified date. An `ETag` is a +string that uniquely identifies a specific version of a component. The only +format constraints are that the string be quoted. The origin server specifies +the component's `ETag` using the `ETag` response header. + +```http +HTTP/1.1 200 OK +Last-Modified: Tue, 12 Dec 2006 03:03:59 GMT +ETag: "10c24bc-4ab-457e1c1f" +Content-Length: 12195 +``` + +Later, if the browser has to validate a component, it uses the `If-None-Match` +header to pass the `ETag` back to the origin server. If the ETags match, a 304 +status code is returned reducing the response by 12195 bytes for this +example. + +```http +GET /i/yahoo.gif HTTP/1.1 +Host: us.yimg.com +If-Modified-Since: Tue, 12 Dec 2006 03:03:59 GMT +If-None-Match: "10c24bc-4ab-457e1c1f" +HTTP/1.1 304 Not Modified +``` + +The problem with ETags is that they typically are constructed using attributes +that make them unique to a specific server hosting a site. ETags won't match +when a browser gets the original component from one server and later tries to +validate that component on a different server, a situation that is all too +common on web sites that use a cluster of servers to handle requests. By +default, both Apache and IIS embed data in the ETag that dramatically reduces +the odds of the validity test succeeding on web sites with multiple servers. + +The ETag format for Apache 1.3 and 2.x is inode-size-timestamp. Although a +given file may reside in the same directory across multiple servers, and have +the same file size, permissions, timestamp, etc., its inode is different from +one server to the next. + +IIS 5.0 and 6.0 have a similar issue with ETags. The format for ETags on IIS is +Filetimestamp:ChangeNumber. A ChangeNumber is a counter used to track +configuration changes to IIS. It's unlikely that the ChangeNumber is the same +across all IIS servers behind a web site. + +The end result is ETags generated by Apache and IIS for the exact same +component won't match from one server to another. If the ETags don't match, the +user doesn't receive the small, fast 304 response that ETags were designed for; +instead, they'll get a normal 200 response along with all the data for the +component. If you host your web site on just one server, this isn't a problem. +But if you have multiple servers hosting your web site, and you're using Apache +or IIS with the default ETag configuration, your users are getting slower +pages, your servers have a higher load, you're consuming greater bandwidth, and +proxies aren't caching your content efficiently. Even if your components have a +far future Expires header, a conditional GET request is still made whenever the +user hits Reload or Refresh. + +If you're not taking advantage of the flexible validation model that ETags +provide, it's better to just remove the ETag altogether. The Last-Modified +header validates based on the component's timestamp. And removing the ETag +reduces the size of the HTTP headers in both the response and subsequent +requests. This Microsoft Support article describes how to remove ETags. In +Apache, this is done by simply adding the above line to your Apache +configuration file. + + +### Gzip Components + +Compression reduces response times by reducing the size of the HTTP response. + +Starting with HTTP/1.1, web clients indicate support for compression with the +Accept-Encoding header in the HTTP request. + +``` +Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate +``` + +If the web server sees this header in the request, it may compress the response +using one of the methods listed by the client. The web server notifies the web +client of this via the Content-Encoding header in the response. + +``` +Content-Encoding: gzip +``` + +Gzip is the most popular and effective compression method at this time. It was +developed by the GNU project and standardized by RFC 1952. The only other +compression format you're likely to see is deflate, but it's less effective and +less popular. + +Gzipping generally reduces the response size by about 70%. Approximately 90% of +today's Internet traffic travels through browsers that claim to support gzip. +If you use Apache, the module configuring gzip depends on your version: Apache +1.3 uses `mod_gzip` while Apache 2.x uses `mod_deflate`. + +There are known issues with browsers and proxies that may cause a mismatch in +what the browser expects and what it receives with regard to compressed +content. Fortunately, these edge cases are dwindling as the use of older +browsers drops off. The Apache modules help out by adding appropriate Vary +response headers automatically. + +Servers choose what to gzip based on file type, but are typically too limited +in what they decide to compress. Most web sites gzip their HTML documents. It's +also worthwhile to gzip your scripts and stylesheets, but many web sites miss +this opportunity. In fact, it's worthwhile to compress any text response +including XML and JSON. Image and PDF files should not be gzipped because they +are already compressed. Trying to gzip them not only wastes CPU but can +potentially increase file sizes. + +Gzipping as many appropriate file types as possible is an easy way to reduce +page weight and accelerate the user experience. + + +### Cache busting + +A first-time visitor to your page may have to make several HTTP requests, but +by using the Expires header you make those components cacheable. This avoids +unnecessary HTTP requests on subsequent page views. Expires headers are most +often used with images, but they should be used on all components including +scripts, stylesheets, etc. + +Traditionally, if you use a far future Expires header you have to change the +component's filename whenever the component changes. + +The H5BP `.htaccess` has built-in filename cache busting. To use it, uncomment +the relevant lines in the `.htaccess` file. + +Doing so will route all requests for `/path/filename.20120101.ext` to +`/path/filename.ext`. To use this, just add a time-stamp number (or your own +numbered versioning system) into your resource filenames in your HTML source +whenever you update those resources. + +#### Example: + +```html + + + + +``` + +**N.B. You do not have to rename the resource on the filesystem.** All you have +to do is add the timestamp number to the filename in your HTML source. The +`.htaccess` directive will serve up the proper file. + +Traditional cache busting involved adding a query string to the end of your +JavaScript or CSS filename whenever you updated it. + +```html + +``` + +However, as [Steve Souders](http://stevesouders.com/) explains in [*Revving +Filenames: don’t use +querystring*](http://www.stevesouders.com/blog/2008/08/23/revving-filenames-dont-use-querystring/), +the query string approach is not always reliable for clients behind a Squid +Proxy Server. + + +## Trailing slash redirects + +Trailing slash redirects can be done by adding one of the options below in `.htaccess`. + +### Option 1 +Rewrite `domain.com/foo` -> `domain.com/foo/`. + +```apache +RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f +RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !(\.[a-zA-Z0-9]{1,5}|/|#(.*))$ +RewriteRule ^(.*)$ $1/ [R=301,L] +``` + +### Option 2 +Rewrite `domain.com/foo/` -> `domain.com/foo` + +```apache +RewriteRule ^(.*)/$ $1 [R=301,L] +``` + +Here are some tips to show you how to integrate the rewrite rules with +different CMS tools. There are four areas you need to look out for: + +### 1. Keep a backup + +If you use trailing slash redirects on an existing site, always keep a backup +of your `.htaccess` and test thoroughly on your staging server before using it on +a production server. + +### 2. Don't replace existing rules, merge + +For example, if you use CodeIgniter you may have existing URL rewrite rules like: + +```apache +RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f +RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d +RewriteRule ^(.*)$ index.php/$1 +``` + +Merge the above with H5BP rules below: + +```apache +RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f +RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !(\.[a-zA-Z0-9]{1,5}|/|#(.*))$ +RewriteRule ^(.*)$ $1/ [R=301,L] +``` + +### 3. Be careful of the order + +Make sure you test thoroughly in your staging environment. For the above +example, the order is add trailing slash first, and add your existing rule +after: + +```apache +# this adds trailing slash +RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f +RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !(\.[a-zA-Z0-9]{1,5}|/|#(.*))$ +RewriteRule ^(.*)$ $1/ [R=301,L] + +# this gets rid of index.php +RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f +RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d +RewriteRule ^(.*)$ index.php/$1 +``` + +### 4. Double-check `RewriteBase` path is correct + +Make sure your `RewriteBase` path points to the correct location and sits above +any rewrite rules. This usually happens to those have WordPress and ran the +auto install. For instance, if you have a site at `example.com/blog`, your +RewriteBase may look like: + +```apache +RewriteBase /blog/ +``` + +If you already have a working RewriteBase, keep that and don't remove it. --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/html.md @@ -1 +1,171 @@ +[HTML5 Boilerplate homepage](http://html5boilerplate.com) | [Documentation +table of contents](README.md) + +# The HTML + +## Conditional `html` classes + +A series of IE conditional comments apply the relevant IE-specific classes to +the `html` tag. This provides one method of specifying CSS fixes for specific +legacy versions of IE. While you may or may not choose to use this technique in +your project code, HTML5 Boilerplate's default CSS does not rely on it. + +When using the conditional classes technique, applying classes to the `html` +element has several benefits: + +* It avoids a [file blocking + issue](http://webforscher.wordpress.com/2010/05/20/ie-6-slowing-down-ie-8/) + discovered by Stoyan Stefanov and Markus Leptien. +* It avoids the need for an empty comment that also fixes the above issue. +* CMSes like WordPress and Drupal use the body class more heavily. This makes + integrating there a touch simpler. +* It still validates as HTML5. +* It uses the same element as Modernizr (and Dojo). That feels nice. +* It can improve the clarity of code in multi-developer teams. + + +## The `no-js` class + +Allows you to more easily explicitly add custom styles when JavaScript is +disabled (`no-js`) or enabled (`js`). More here: [Avoiding the +FOUC](http://paulirish.com/2009/avoiding-the-fouc-v3/). + + +## The order of meta tags, and `` + +As recommended by [the HTML5 +spec](http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/complete/semantics.html#charset) +(4.2.5.5 Specifying the document's character encoding), add your charset +declaration early (before any ASCII art ;) to avoid a potential +[encoding-related security +issue](http://code.google.com/p/doctype/wiki/ArticleUtf7) in IE. It should come +in the first [1024 +bytes](http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/semantics.html#charset). + +The charset should also come before the `<title>` tag, due to [potential XSS +vectors](http://code.google.com/p/doctype-mirror/wiki/ArticleUtf7). + +The meta tag for compatibility mode [needs to be before all elements except +title and meta](http://h5bp.com/f "Defining Document Compatibility - MSDN"). +And that same meta tag can only be invoked for Google Chrome Frame if it is +within the [first 1024 +bytes](http://code.google.com/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=23003). + + +## X-UA-Compatible + +This makes sure the latest version of IE is used in versions of IE that contain +multiple rendering engines. Even if a site visitor is using IE8 or IE9, it's +possible that they're not using the latest rendering engine their browser +contains. To fix this, use: + +```html +<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1"> +``` + +The `meta` tag tells the IE rendering engine two things: + +1. It should use the latest, or edge, version of the IE rendering environment +2. If already installed, it should use the Google Chrome Frame rendering + engine. + +This `meta` tag ensures that anyone browsing your site in IE is treated to the +best possible user experience that their browser can offer. + +This line breaks validation, and the Google Chrome Frame part won't work inside +a conditional comment. To avoid these edge case issues it is recommended that +you **remove this line and use the `.htaccess`** (or other server config) +to send these headers instead. You also might want to read [Validating: +X-UA-Compatible](http://groups.google.com/group/html5boilerplate/browse_thread/thread/6d1b6b152aca8ed2). + +If you are serving your site on a non-standard port, you will need to set this +header on the server-side. This is because the IE preference option 'Display +intranet sites in Compatibility View' is checked by default. + + +## Mobile viewport + +There are a few different options that you can use with the [`viewport` meta +tag](https://docs.google.com/present/view?id=dkx3qtm_22dxsrgcf4 "Viewport and +Media Queries - The Complete Idiot's Guide"). You can find out more in [the +Apple developer docs](http://j.mp/mobileviewport). HTML5 Boilerplate comes with +a simple setup that strikes a good balance for general use cases. + +```html +<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"> +``` + +## Favicons and Touch Icons + +The shortcut icons should be put in the root directory of your site. HTML5 +Boilerplate comes with a default set of icons (include favicon and Apple Touch +Icons) that you can use as a baseline to create your own. + +If your site or icons are in a sub-directory, you will need to reference the +icons using `link` elements placed in the HTML `head` of your document. + +For a comprehensive overview, please read [Everything you always wanted to know +about touch icons](http://mathiasbynens.be/notes/touch-icons) by Mathias +Bynens. + + +## Modernizr + +HTML5 Boilerplate uses a custom build of Modernizr. + +[Modernizr](http://modernizr.com) is a JavaScript library which adds classes to +the `html` element based on the results of feature test and which ensures that +all browsers can make use of HTML5 elements (as it includes the HTML5 Shiv). +This allows you to target parts of your CSS and JavaScript based on the +features supported by a browser. + +In general, in order to keep page load times to a minimum, it's best to call +any JavaScript at the end of the page because if a script is slow to load +from an external server it may cause the whole page to hang. That said, the +Modernizr script *needs* to run *before* the browser begins rendering the page, +so that browsers lacking support for some of the new HTML5 elements are able to +handle them properly. Therefore the Modernizr script is the only JavaScript +file synchronously loaded at the top of the document. + + +## The content area + +The central part of the boilerplate template is pretty much empty. This is +intentional, in order to make the boilerplate suitable for both web page and +web app development. + +### Google Chrome Frame + +The main content area of the boilerplate includes a prompt to install Chrome +Frame (which no longer requires administrative rights) for users of IE 6. If +you intended to support IE 6, then you should remove the snippet of code. + +### Google CDN for jQuery + +The Google CDN version of the jQuery JavaScript library is referenced towards +the bottom of the page using a protocol-independent path (read more about this +in the [FAQ](faq.md). A local fallback of jQuery is included for rare instances +when the CDN version might not be available, and to facilitate offline +development. + +Regardless of which JavaScript library you choose to use, it is well worth the +time and effort to look up and reference the Google CDN (Content Delivery +Network) version. Your users may already have this version cached in their +browsers, and Google's CDN is likely to deliver the asset faster than your +server. + +### Google Analytics Tracking Code + +Finally, an optimized version of the latest Google Analytics tracking code is +included. Google recommends that this script be placed at the top of the page. +Factors to consider: if you place this script at the top of the page, you’ll be +able to count users who don’t fully load the page, and you’ll incur the max +number of simultaneous connections of the browser. + +Further information: + +* [Optimizing the asynchronous Google Analytics + snippet](http://mathiasbynens.be/notes/async-analytics-snippet). +* [Tracking Site Activity - Google + Analytics](http://code.google.com/apis/analytics/docs/tracking/asyncTracking.html). --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/js.md @@ -1 +1,32 @@ +[HTML5 Boilerplate homepage](http://html5boilerplate.com) | [Documentation +table of contents](README.md) + +# The JavaScript + +Information about the default JavaScript included in the project. + +## main.js + +This file can be used to contain or reference your site/app JavaScript code. +For larger projects, you can make use of a JavaScript module loader, like +[Require.js](http://requirejs.org/), to load any other scripts you need to +run. + +## plugins.js + +This file can be used to contain all your plugins, such as jQuery plugins and +other 3rd party scripts. + +One approach is to put jQuery plugins inside of a `(function($){ ... +})(jQuery);` closure to make sure they're in the jQuery namespace safety +blanket. Read more about [jQuery plugin +authoring](http://docs.jquery.com/Plugins/Authoring#Getting_Started) + +## vendor + +This directory can be used to contain all 3rd party library code. + +Minified versions of the latest jQuery and Modernizr libraries are included by +default. You may wish to create your own [custom Modernizr +build](http://www.modernizr.com/download/). --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/misc.md @@ -1 +1,26 @@ +[HTML5 Boilerplate homepage](http://html5boilerplate.com) | [Documentation table of contents](README.md) + +# Miscellaneous + +## .gitignore + +HTML5 Boilerplate includes a basic project-level `.gitignore`. This should +primarily be used to avoid certain project-level files and directories from +being kept under source control. Different development-environments will +benefit from different collections of ignores. + +OS-specific and editor-specific files should be ignored using a "global +ignore" that applies to all repositories on your system. + +For example, add the following to your `~/.gitconfig`, where the `.gitignore` +in your HOME directory contains the files and directories you'd like to +globally ignore: + +```gitignore +[core] + excludesfile = ~/.gitignore +``` + +* More on global ignores: http://help.github.com/ignore-files/ +* Comprehensive set of ignores on GitHub: https://github.com/github/gitignore --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/usage.md @@ -1 +1,110 @@ +[HTML5 Boilerplate homepage](http://html5boilerplate.com) | [Documentation +table of contents](README.md) + +# Usage + +Once you have cloned or downloaded HTML5 Boilerplate, creating a site or app +usually involves the following: + +1. Set up the basic structure of the site. +2. Add some content, style, and functionality. +3. Run your site locally to see how it looks. +4. (Optionally run a build script to automate the optimization of your site - + e.g. [ant build script](https://github.com/h5bp/ant-build-script) or [node + build script](https://github.com/h5bp/node-build-script)). +5. Deploy your site. + + +## Basic structure + +A basic HTML5 Boilerplate site initially looks something like this: + +``` +. +├── css +│ ├── main.css +│ └── normalize.css +├── doc +├── img +├── js +│ ├── main.js +│ ├── plugins.js +│ └── vendor +│ ├── jquery.min.js +│ └── modernizr.min.js +├── .htaccess +├── 404.html +├── index.html +├── humans.txt +├── robots.txt +├── crossdomain.xml +├── favicon.ico +└── [apple-touch-icons] +``` + +What follows is a general overview of each major part and how to use them. + +### css + +This directory should contain all your project's CSS files. It includes some +initial CSS to help get you started from a solid foundation. [About the +CSS](css.md). + +### doc + +This directory contains all the HTML5 Boilerplate documentation. You can use it +as the location and basis for your own project's documentation. + +### js + +This directory should contain all your project's JS files. Libraries, plugins, +and custom code can all be included here. It includes some initial JS to help +get you started. [About the JavaScript](js.md). + +### .htaccess + +The default web server config is for Apache. [About the .htaccess](htaccess.md). + +Host your site on a server other than Apache? You're likely to find the +corresponding configuration file in our [server configs +repo](https://github.com/h5bp/server-configs). If you cannot find a +configuration file for your setup, please consider contributing one so that +others can benefit too. + +### 404.html + +A helpful custom 404 to get you started. + +### index.html + +This is the default HTML skeleton that should form the basis of all pages on +your site. If you are using a server-side templating framework, then you will +need to integrate this starting HTML with your setup. + +Make sure that you update the URLs for the referenced CSS and JavaScript if you +modify the directory structure at all. + +If you are using Google Analytics, make sure that you edit the corresponding +snippet at the bottom to include your analytics ID. + +### humans.txt + +Edit this file to include the team that worked on your site/app, and the +technology powering it. + +### robots.txt + +Edit this file to include any pages you need hidden from search engines. + +### crossdomain.xml + +A template for working with cross-domain requests. [About +crossdomain.xml](crossdomain.md). + +### icons + +Replace the default `favicon.ico` and apple touch icons with your own. You +might want to check out Hans Christian's handy [HTML5 Boilerplate Favicon and +Apple Touch Icon +PSD-Template](http://drublic.de/blog/html5-boilerplate-favicons-psd-template/). --- /dev/null +++ b/humans.txt @@ -1 +1,16 @@ +# humanstxt.org/ +# The humans responsible & technology colophon + +# TEAM + + <name> -- <role> -- <twitter> + +# THANKS + + <name> + +# TECHNOLOGY COLOPHON + + HTML5, CSS3 + jQuery, Modernizr --- /dev/null +++ b/index.html @@ -1 +1,41 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html> +<!--[if lt IE 7]> <html class="no-js lt-ie9 lt-ie8 lt-ie7"> <![endif]--> +<!--[if IE 7]> <html class="no-js lt-ie9 lt-ie8"> <![endif]--> +<!--[if IE 8]> <html class="no-js lt-ie9"> <![endif]--> +<!--[if gt IE 8]><!--> <html class="no-js"> <!--<![endif]--> + <head> + <meta charset="utf-8"> + <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1"> + <title> + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

Hello world! This is HTML5 Boilerplate.

+ + + + + + + + + + --- /dev/null +++ b/js/plugins.js @@ -1 +1,15 @@ +// Avoid `console` errors in browsers that lack a console. +if (!(window.console && console.log)) { + (function() { + var noop = function() {}; + var methods = ['assert', 'clear', 'count', 'debug', 'dir', 'dirxml', 'error', 'exception', 'group', 'groupCollapsed', 'groupEnd', 'info', 'log', 'markTimeline', 'profile', 'profileEnd', 'markTimeline', 'table', 'time', 'timeEnd', 'timeStamp', 'trace', 'warn']; + var length = methods.length; + var console = window.console = {}; + while (length--) { + console[methods[length]] = noop; + } + }()); +} + +// Place any jQuery/helper plugins in here. --- /dev/null +++ b/js/vendor/jquery-1.8.0.min.js @@ -1 +1,3 @@ +/*! jQuery v@1.8.0 jquery.com | jquery.org/license */ +(function(a,b){function G(a){var b=F[a]={};return p.each(a.split(s),function(a,c){b[c]=!0}),b}function J(a,c,d){if(d===b&&a.nodeType===1){var e="data-"+c.replace(I,"-$1").toLowerCase();d=a.getAttribute(e);if(typeof d=="string"){try{d=d==="true"?!0:d==="false"?!1:d==="null"?null:+d+""===d?+d:H.test(d)?p.parseJSON(d):d}catch(f){}p.data(a,c,d)}else d=b}return d}function K(a){var b;for(b in a){if(b==="data"&&p.isEmptyObject(a[b]))continue;if(b!=="toJSON")return!1}return!0}function ba(){return!1}function bb(){return!0}function bh(a){return!a||!a.parentNode||a.parentNode.nodeType===11}function bi(a,b){do a=a[b];while(a&&a.nodeType!==1);return a}function bj(a,b,c){b=b||0;if(p.isFunction(b))return p.grep(a,function(a,d){var e=!!b.call(a,d,a);return e===c});if(b.nodeType)return p.grep(a,function(a,d){return a===b===c});if(typeof b=="string"){var d=p.grep(a,function(a){return a.nodeType===1});if(be.test(b))return p.filter(b,d,!c);b=p.filter(b,d)}return p.grep(a,function(a,d){return p.inArray(a,b)>=0===c})}function bk(a){var b=bl.split("|"),c=a.createDocumentFragment();if(c.createElement)while(b.length)c.createElement(b.pop());return c}function bC(a,b){return a.getElementsByTagName(b)[0]||a.appendChild(a.ownerDocument.createElement(b))}function bD(a,b){if(b.nodeType!==1||!p.hasData(a))return;var c,d,e,f=p._data(a),g=p._data(b,f),h=f.events;if(h){delete g.handle,g.events={};for(c in h)for(d=0,e=h[c].length;d").appendTo(e.body),c=b.css("display");b.remove();if(c==="none"||c===""){bI=e.body.appendChild(bI||p.extend(e.createElement("iframe"),{frameBorder:0,width:0,height:0}));if(!bJ||!bI.createElement)bJ=(bI.contentWindow||bI.contentDocument).document,bJ.write(""),bJ.close();b=bJ.body.appendChild(bJ.createElement(a)),c=bH(b,"display"),e.body.removeChild(bI)}return bR[a]=c,c}function ch(a,b,c,d){var e;if(p.isArray(b))p.each(b,function(b,e){c||cd.test(a)?d(a,e):ch(a+"["+(typeof e=="object"?b:"")+"]",e,c,d)});else if(!c&&p.type(b)==="object")for(e in b)ch(a+"["+e+"]",b[e],c,d);else d(a,b)}function cy(a){return function(b,c){typeof b!="string"&&(c=b,b="*");var d,e,f,g=b.toLowerCase().split(s),h=0,i=g.length;if(p.isFunction(c))for(;h)[^>]*$|#([\w\-]*)$)/,v=/^<(\w+)\s*\/?>(?:<\/\1>|)$/,w=/^[\],:{}\s]*$/,x=/(?:^|:|,)(?:\s*\[)+/g,y=/\\(?:["\\\/bfnrt]|u[\da-fA-F]{4})/g,z=/"[^"\\\r\n]*"|true|false|null|-?(?:\d\d*\.|)\d+(?:[eE][\-+]?\d+|)/g,A=/^-ms-/,B=/-([\da-z])/gi,C=function(a,b){return(b+"").toUpperCase()},D=function(){e.addEventListener?(e.removeEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",D,!1),p.ready()):e.readyState==="complete"&&(e.detachEvent("onreadystatechange",D),p.ready())},E={};p.fn=p.prototype={constructor:p,init:function(a,c,d){var f,g,h,i;if(!a)return this;if(a.nodeType)return this.context=this[0]=a,this.length=1,this;if(typeof a=="string"){a.charAt(0)==="<"&&a.charAt(a.length-1)===">"&&a.length>=3?f=[null,a,null]:f=u.exec(a);if(f&&(f[1]||!c)){if(f[1])return c=c instanceof p?c[0]:c,i=c&&c.nodeType?c.ownerDocument||c:e,a=p.parseHTML(f[1],i,!0),v.test(f[1])&&p.isPlainObject(c)&&this.attr.call(a,c,!0),p.merge(this,a);g=e.getElementById(f[2]);if(g&&g.parentNode){if(g.id!==f[2])return d.find(a);this.length=1,this[0]=g}return this.context=e,this.selector=a,this}return!c||c.jquery?(c||d).find(a):this.constructor(c).find(a)}return p.isFunction(a)?d.ready(a):(a.selector!==b&&(this.selector=a.selector,this.context=a.context),p.makeArray(a,this))},selector:"",jquery:"1.8.0",length:0,size:function(){return this.length},toArray:function(){return k.call(this)},get:function(a){return a==null?this.toArray():a<0?this[this.length+a]:this[a]},pushStack:function(a,b,c){var d=p.merge(this.constructor(),a);return d.prevObject=this,d.context=this.context,b==="find"?d.selector=this.selector+(this.selector?" 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